Austenitic stainless steel is a specific type of stainless steel alloy. No hydrogen in shielding gas control of thermal cycle haz is the only concern when using a fully austenitic filler material control of nitrogen level not required for when using austenitic filler metal we need corrosion resistance toughness at low temperature. This standard is issued under the fixed designation a312a312m. The welding of stainless steels international stainless steel. When both base metals are the same, use the base metal alloy as a guide. Apta prcss00498 revised 10242007 a 262, practices for detecting susceptibility to intergranular attack in austenitic stainless steels. This chemistry plays the role of high corrosion resistance, and increases resilience against pitting in environments having chloride ion solutions. The table shows both current and obsolete standards where these may be of current interest in the status column. Welding filler metals the selection of the filler metal alloy for welding the stainless steels is based on the composition of the stainless steel. Specification for welding of austenitic stainless steel tube. They are the most easily weldable of the stainless steel family and can be welded by all welding processes, the main problems being avoidance of hot cracking and the preservation of corrosion resistance. The selection of the filler metal alloy for welding the stainless steels is based on the composition of the stainless steel. Coated electrodes appropriate for manual arc welding the various grades of stainless steel are of the types given in table 23.
Manufacturers standard lot as defined in its quality system. In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. Welding processes that tend to increase carbon pickup are not recommended. Purging with nitrogen in the welding of austenitic stainless steels tests show no difference in properties between nitrogen and argon purged joints by c. Recently fluxcored electrode wires have been developed for welding stainless steels. Although other methods are available for determining the ferrite number, the standardized measuring procedure, laid down in this document, is based on assessing the tearoff force needed to pull the weld metal sample from a magnet of defined strength and size. This document specifies the method and apparatus for. The peculiarity of this austenitic steel is due to alloying of chromiumnickel along with molybdenum. Pipe ordered to this specification shall be suitable for bending and other forming operations and for fusion welding. A commonly used alloy for welded fabrications is type 304 which contains approximately 18%cr and 10%ni. Standard specification for wrought austenitic stainless steel piping fittings english. In manual plasma welding, where the torch is handheld.
While this technique can be applied to most austenitic stainless steels, it is not recommended for austenitic stainless steel without any ferrite in the weld metal, as it can crack with heat. Corrosionresisting chromium and chromiumnickel steel welding rods and bare electrodes. Purging with nitrogen in the welding of austenitic. Those containing chromium, nickel, and manganese in addition to iron are. A convenient and commonly used shorthand identifying the individual alloy within the austenitic stainless steel group is the astm system. This new edition takes into account advances in understanding in the structural behaviour. Austenitic stainless steel has a thermal conductivity of one third of carbon steel and is a superior absorber of laser light. British standard for welding and fabrication of stainless steel 3. Austenitic stainless steels typically have a composition within the range 1626% chromium cr and 822% nickel ni. Following provisions of a 262, material may be accepted to practice a of a 262. Stainless steel welding characteristics by definition, stainless steels are ironbase alloys containing.
The welding of stainless steels 2 1 general information on stainless steels 1. Guidelines for the welded fabrication of nickelcontaining stainless. Pdf weldability of austenitic stainless steel by metal arc welding. Includes dissimilar metals and advice on how to avoid intergranular corrosion and scc in service. Base metals the base metals used shall conform to astm austenitic stainless steel specifications as noted on the wps. Ferritic stainless steels have a low carbon content, with. Standard specification for coldworked welded austenitic. It is a complete revision of the design manual for structural stainless steel, which was prepared by the steel construction institute between 1989 and 1992 and published by euro inox in 1994. A 249a 249m 08 used in usdoene standards standard speci. Experience gained from user contact and welding training of crewmembers showed that. Fabcor er308lsi austenitic wire used to join 301, 302, 304, 304l and 308 stainless steels. Welding of austenitic manganese steel austenitic manganese steel, called sll by m. Black and white liquor vessels s31803, and s32304 pulp and paper.
Fecrni mon the microstructure of duplex stainless steels consists of a mixture of austenite and ferrite. Austenitic stainless steels have excellent weldability. Astm, en or other standards may cover products sold. Manual welding with equipment that automatically controls one or more of the. Specification for welding of austenitic stainless steel tube and pipe systems in sanitary hygienic applications.
Specification for arc welding of austenitic stainless steel. British standards for the welding and fabrication of. Mooresville, north carolina, usa abstract welding duplex and super duplex stainless steels is similar to welding austenitic stainless steels. A technique for con structing standards containing fer ritic stainless steel in an austenite matrix is reported. A928 ferritic austenitic duplex stainless steel pipe electric fusion welded with addition of filler metal a999 general requirements dimensional tolerances etc. The austenitic structure of 316 stainless steel gives excellent toughness, even at cryogenic temperatures. Steel castings handbook supplement 7 welding of high. Austenitic stainless steels which contain 12 27% chromium and 7 25% nickel. Use the ctrl and f keys to find the standard you are. The purpose of the welding handbook for maritime welders is to provide guidance in modern welding and related processes and to provide the welder with a source of practical information on the right solution to specific onboard welding problems. Guide for welding ferritic austenitic duplex stainless. Steel by the materials community is an extremely tough nonmagnetic alloy in which the usual hardening transformation that occurs in low alloy steel has been suppressed by the high manganese content. Alloy 20 uns n08020 is an austenitic, nickelironchromium based super alloy with additions of copper and molybdenum which provide resistance to hostile environments, pitting, and crevice corrosion. The only standard martensitic stainless steels available as either covered electrodes.
Weldability of austenitic stainless steel by metal arc welding with different shielding gas. Most astm and asme standards list the steel grades by their uns unified numbering system numbers but also make reference, where appropriate to the more general aisi american iron and steel institute grade designations. Active standard astm a312 a312m developed by subcommittee. Astm a312 seamless and welded austenitic stainless steel pipes this standard covers both seamless and welded austenitic stainless steel pipe intended for high temperature and general corrosive service. An astm designation number identifies a unique version of an astm standard. First, you must exercise more care and control with regard to heating and cooling stainless steel. Less welding heat is required to make a weld because the heat is not conducted away from a joint as rapidly as in carbon steel. When the impact test criterion for a lowtemperature service would be 15 ftlbf 20 j energy absorption or 15 mils 0. Pdf during fusion welding the molten metal is shielded from contact with the atmospheric. Msssp25 standard marking system for valves, fittings, flanges, and unions. Frequent requirements for parent and weld metal are minimum 45j average at. Selection will depend on design, service conditions, mechanical properties and hightemperature characteristics. All bsi british standards available online in electronic and print formats.
Active standard astm a778 a778m developed by subcommittee. Lean alloys lean austenitic alloys constitute the largest portion of all stainless steel produced. During manual welding, forehand techniques are beneficial. European welding standards john dyson 15th march 2004.
Preheat does not normally apply to the welding of austenitic stainless steel, but if required. Specification for welding of austenitic stainless steel. A gas lens is recommended when using gtaw on austenitic stainless steel. Stainless steels in group 8 nickel alloys in groups 41 to 48.
Technical information stainless steel austenitic 316h. Welding engineering standards cover the design of welded joints encountered by the. These alloys can be readily welded using any of the arc welding processes tig, mig, mma and sa. Austenitic stainless steel, which is usually referred to as the 300 series, is ideally suited to laser welding, table 4. For example, grades 304, 304l, and 347 are accepted by the. Stainless steel by various welding processes was made. American national standards institute april 14, 1999 specification for welding of austenitic stainless steel tube and pipe systems in sanitary hygienic applications prepared by aws d18 committee on welding in sanitary applications under the direction of aws technical activities committee approved by aws board of directors abstract. Astm a312 a312m 19 standard specification for seamless. Bs astm tolerances surface finish and test of stainless steel 4. Austenitic stainless steel an overview sciencedirect topics. Chemical compositions of aisi astmasme and uns austenitic. A 312a 312m 04a used in usdoene standards standard speci. The aws has a specification for welding of austenitic stainless steel tube and pipe systems in sanitary hygienic applications.
Property data given in this document is typical for bar products covered by en10269. Increased carbon content increases crack sensitivity in the weld area. The austenitic and ferritic austenitic duplex stainless steel grades contained in this guide follow the existing standard grades designations given in astm, aisi, sae, jis, uns, en or other equivalent standards. Austenitic stainless steels are nonhardenable by heat treating. These guidelines are intended as a stepbystep aid to the successful welding of stainless steels and nickel alloys. Standard specification for ferriticaustenitic duplex. Techniques and standards for measuring ferrite in austenit ic stainless steel welds a new method ot ferrite measurement is compared with the wrc recommended practice by a. In resistance welding, lower current can be used because resistivity is higher. Welding stainless steel is not much different from that required in welding standard carbon steel, with a few exceptions. Austenitic stainless steel sheet and coil shall be packaged for shipment to protect the finished surface. Food grade stainless questions american welding society. Nevertheless, each of the standard alloy compositions can be welded successfully in the foundry. Pdf stainless steels welding guide zaheed manoo academia. The tubular products shall be made from flatrolled steel sheet, coil, or plate by a shielded arc.
In welding stainless steel components such as pipes and tubes where the back of the joint is not accessible for welding by the gtaw. The weldability of stainless steels is different from carbon or low alloy steel as given in section 241 of. Approved by the american national standards institute. Seamless and welded austenitic stainless steel pipes1 this standard is issued under the. The user of this specification should be aware that a minimum amount of testing. A 312a 312m 09 used in usdoene standards standard speci. Guide for welding ferriticaustenitic duplex stainless. A 276, standard specification for stainless steel bars and shapes. They exhibit characteristics of both phases with higher strength and ductility. An american national standard approved by american national standards institute april 14, 1999 specification for welding of austenitic stainless steel tube and pipe systems in sanitary hygienic applications prepared by aws d18 committee on welding in sanitary applications under the direction of aws technical activities committee approved by. British standard for welding and fabrication of stainless steel. In comparison with mild steel, for example, the austenitic stainless steels have several characteristics that require some.
British standards for the welding and fabrication of stainless steels introduction. A 312a 312m 01a an american national standard used in usdoene standards standard speci. Thermal affected area of metal due to welding austenitic stainless steels austenitic stainless steels table 1 containing chromium and nickel as the principal alloying elements in addition to iron are identified as aisi 300 series types. Bs pipe tube and fitting standard and specification 6. Austenitic stainless steels possess austenite as their primary crystalline structure face centered cubic.
British standard for welding and fabrication of stainless. Using information derived from the extensive research of alloy casting institute and steel founders society of. Challenges welding duplex and super duplex stainless steel charles w. Austenitic 300 series stainless steel filler metals. This guide is intended to provide information which may be used to avoid, or at least minimize, difficulties in welding duplex stainless steel piping and tubing. Chemical compositions of aisi astmasme and uns austenitic stainless steel grades introduction aisi astm asme and uns. Stainless steel metalcored wires are an excellent choice for flat and horizontal welding of long continuous seams where productivity can be maximized. It is reasonable to expect specifications in these standards to be similar but not necessarily. It has been written primarily from a european perspective and may not fully reflect the practice in other regions. The stainless steel family a short description of the various grades of stainless steel and how they fit into distinct metallurgical families. Alloys with less than 20% chromium and 14% nickel fall into this unofficial category. Bs astm tolerances surface finish and test of stainless steel 7. Standard specifications grade astm asme sect viii div i 2101 a240 code case 2418.
Welding guidelines for stainless steel and nickel alloys. Stainless steel consumables for submerged arc welding 85. Specification for fcawss welding software, welding. Austenitic stainless steel an overview sciencedirect. Pdf aisi 304l is an austenitic chromiumnickel stainless steel offering the optimum combination of. This specification covers standard requirements for ferritic austenitic duplex stainless steel pipe that is electric fusion welded with addition of filler metal suitable for corrosive service. Table 1 lists the five grades covered by this specification.
Astm a403a403m10 standard specification for wrought. Stainless steel is the term used to describe an extremely versatile family of. Table 1 influence of physical properties on welding austenitic stainless steels compared to carbon. Issf stainless steel for designers 11 welding of stainless. Standard specification for welded, unannealed austenitic. Austenitic and duplex stainless steel products in this. The various stainless steel filler metal alloys are normally available as covered electrodes and as bare solid wires. Table 1 shows welding procedure, shielding gas composition and material for. Typically, pure argon provides the best results when welding thin austenitic stainless steel, but adding a small amount of hydrogen is not uncommon when you need a faster travel speed, especially on thicker pieces or in an automated application. In addition, for duplex stainless steel welding, the ratio of ferrite to austenite may be difficult to. Austenitic stainless steel and corten steel for fabrication of.
Choosing the right flux and monitor welding conditions is important for. This guide covers standard specification for seamless, straightseam welded, and cold worked welded austenitic stainless steel pipe intended for hightemperature and. In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to. It is also stabilized with columbium to minimize carbide precipitation during welding. Material shall be rejected only by application of practice e of a 262. Austen itic stainless steels for the purposes of making it easier to compare this stan dard with international standards. Techniques and standards for measuring ferrite in austenitic. Heat treatment shall be performed after welding and in accordance with specified temperature and quench conditions. Specifications for stainless steel for welded fabrication 45. This specification covers straight seam and spiral butt seam welded unannealed austenitic stainless steel tubular products intended for low and moderate temperatures and corrosive service where treatment is not necessary for corrosion resistance. Factors affecting corrosion resistance of stainless steel welds 2. Download joining design guidelines for the selection and use of stainless a general purpose document on stainless steels. Stainless steels may be classified by their crystalline structure into four main types. Techniques and standards for measuring ferrite in austenitic stainless steel welds a new method ot ferrite measurement is compared with the wrc recommended practice by a.