Solanum nigrum is used in various traditional medical systems for antiproliferative, antiinflammatory, antiseizure and hepatoprotective activities. Solanum mauritianum in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. Pdf phytochemical analysis and invitro antioxidant and. Derivation uncertain possibly from the latin word sol, meaning sun, referring to its status as a plant of the sun. Solanum physalifolium rusby solanum pseudocapsicum l. Stem and leaves the stems are green and mostly hairless i. It was also recently listed as a priority environmental weed in at least one natural resource management region. Notes on taxonomy and nomenclature top of page the name solanum mauritianum scopoli is universally accepted for this weed which, despite its species name, is not native to mauritius but to northeastern argentina, southern brazil, uruguay and paraguay. The effects of locality, season and year of seed collection on the germination of bugweed solanum mauritianum scop. Annual or perennial herbs, shrubs or small trees, sometimes trailing or climbing, hairy with glandular or simple or stellate to bristly nonglandular hairs, rarely glabrous.
The optimum concentration of 2propanol for the extraction of crude glycosides was 70%. Woolly nightshade identification solanum mauritianum waikato regional council. Grafted plants are very vigorous and tolerate diseases affecting the root system, thus allowing the crop to continue for a second year. Leaves are lanceshaped, up to 30 cm long and 10 cm wide, yellowishgreen above, paler beneath and densely covered with felty hairs. Solanum species, bugweed, earleaf nightshade, tree. Human fatalities have resulted from the consumption of the berries. It has become a widespread invasive weed in azores islands, cook islands, fiji, hawaii, new caledonia, norfolk island, solomon islands, tonga, reunion island, mauritius, madagascar, australia, new zealand, india, sri lanka and several southern african. Nutritive and morphological fruit traits were also considered.
The leaves are a dullish green, about 250 mm long and 100 mm wide i, and are pungent when crushed. Plants profile for solanum mauritianum earleaf nightshade. Leaves are lanceshaped, up to 30 cm long and 10 cm wide, yellowishgreen above, paler beneath and densely. Assessment of plant invasiveness is done by evaluating biological and ecological characteristics such as germination requirements, growth rate, competitive ability, reproduction methods and dispersal mechanisms. Leaves are tapered at both ends, with short, thick stalks and two stipules at the leaf base and smell when crushed. Solanum is a large, cosmopolitan genus of perhaps as many as 1 500 species. Woolly nightshade is extremely invasive outcompeting surrounding flora due to its fast growth and large annual seed mass. A shrub or small tree which tends to invade bushland areas. This page was last edited on 9 december 2014, at 19. All parts of solanum mauritianum plant are poisonous to humans, especially the berries.
Solanum mauritianum is a widespread invasive weed belonging to the nightshade family. As there are a number of solanum species as commercial crops as well as native solanum any biocontrol agent would have to be shown not to become a pest of these plants. Wild tobacco tree solanum mauritianum is very similar to potato tree solanum erianthum and relatively similar to devils fig solanum torvum. Solanum species, bugweed, earleaf nightshade, tree tobacco. Flowers in clusters, corolla 5lobed, lavender to bluish. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Solanum mauritianum is an exotic shrubtree commonly known in new zealand as woolly nightshade, and is classified as a national surveillance plant pest. Solanum carterianum rock solanum pulverulentum salisb.
Solanum mauritianum new zealand plant conservation. Solanum mauritianum can form dense stands that inhibit the growth of other species through overcrowding and shading. Department of agriculture agricultural research service. Solanum mauritianum wild tobacco, tobacco bush is not generally regarded as edible, though it was mentioned as being edible in some volumes of the walk softly with koa bushcraft dvd series, which have since been withdrawn from sale as it is not really edible in large quantities or at all, some people would say. Brazilian nightshade solanum seaforthianum is regarded as an environmental weed in new south wales and queensland. This is a perennial shrub or small tree which is greygreen with open canopy. Shrub or small tree to 4 m high, greygreen, stellatetomentose. The trunk is greygreen, woody to 15 cm in diameter. Campbell pl, staden j van, stevens c, whitwell mi, 1992. Wild tobacco tree solanum mauritianum is regarded a san environmental weed in queensland, new south wales, victoria and south australia. Guideline to solanum mauritianum bugweed scientific name solanum mauritianum common names bugweed description unarmed, branched shrub or small tree 24 10 m high. Solanum torvum is a bushy, erect and spiny perennial plant used horticulturally as a rootstock for eggplant. Click on each image to see a larger version and details of the record view all images 10 photo.
Impact assessment tree tobacco solanum mauritianum in victoria. It has a dense covering of soft, white hairs on the stems, flower stalks and underside of the leaves. Solanum is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants, which include three food crops of high economic importance, the potato, the tomato and the eggplant. Deliciae florae et faunae insubricae seu novae, aut minus cognitae species plantarum et animalium quas in insubria austriaca tam spontaneas, quam exoticas vidit, descriptit, et aeri incidi curavit joannes antonius scopoli. Solanum mauritianum name synonyms solanum auriculatum ait. The following entails interesting information about the solanum genus and types of solanum plants. Berries when ripe yellow, to 12 mm diameter, seeds numerous. Solanum is the type genus of the family solanaceae, which contains such wellknown economic plants as the potato, tomato, tobacco, egg plant aubergine and many more. It has the ability to crowd out native plants if growing densely, but, if occurring sparsely, it may act as a nursery crop.
Solanum mauritianum linked to current category edit wikidata solanum mauritianum main topic of category. Solanum mauritianum new zealand plant conservation network. Solanum auriculatum aiton solanum tabacifolium vell. Solanum mauritianum, woolly nightshade, wild tobacco bush. It invades pastoral land, native forest margins and urban areas.
A web site containing information about the flora of zimbabwe. Jun 07, 2012 woolly nightshade identification solanum mauritianum waikato regional council. Wikipedia it is a straggly evergreen shrub or small tree to about 4m high. Solanum mauritianum is a small tree or shrub native to south america uruguay and southeastern brazil and an invasive weed in some other places. A simple extraction and isolation process of solasodine, a natural precursor to synthesize steroidal drugs, from fruits and leaves of solanum laciniatum ait. Its starshaped flowers have purple or violet coloured petals sometimes with a small white stripe and its leaves have entire margins. Campfire journals ludwig leichhardt bushcraftoz the. Its large oval leaves are greygreen in color and covered with feltlike hairs.
Solanum mauritianum is a small tree or shrub native to south america, including northern argentina, southern brazil, paraguay and uruguay. Mar 19, 2006 view picture of solanum species, bugweed, earleaf nightshade, tree tobacco, wild tobacco bush solanum mauritianum at daves garden. It is not an attractive tree the leaves are dull and hairy and the purple flowers relatively small. The following entails interesting information about the solanum genus and types of solanum plants information about solanum genus. Brazilian nightshade weed identification brisbane city. Leaves paler on lower surface, simple, alternate, elliptic, up to 30 cm long and 12 cm wide on young vigorous growth, usually ca 18 cm long and ca 7 cm wide, on mature stems. View picture of solanum species, bugweed, earleaf nightshade, tree tobacco, wild tobacco bush solanum mauritianum at daves garden. Media in category solanum mauritianum the following 87 files are in this category, out of 87 total. Solanaceae woolly nightshade, wild tobacco bush origin. We have evaluated organic solvent and aqueous extracts obtained from berries of solanum nigrum for antiproliferative activity on leukemic cell lines, jurkat and hl60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells. In australia there are 117 species, of which 87 are endemic. The solanum family of plants is a large genus under the family umbrella of solanaceae that includes up to 2,000 species, ranging from food crops, such as the potato and the tomato, to various ornamentals and medicinal species.
Shrubs or small trees 24 m tall, branched above to form a rounded canopy, unarmed, all parts densely pubescent with sessile to longstalked stellate hairs, loose and floccose on young growth. The plant belongs to the subgenus brevantherum, one of several subgenera of solanum darcy, 1972. Impact assessment tree tobacco solanum mauritianum in. Solanum information types of solanum plants in the garden. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Leaves usually alternate, sometimes paired, simple or pinnate, margins entire or lobed, petiolate.
Phytochemical analysis and invitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of aerial parts of cestrum aurantiacum and solanum mauritianum solanaceae weeds of niligiris. It also contains the nightshades and horse nettles, as well as numerous plants cultivated for their ornamental flowers and fruit. Solanum species show a wide range of growing habits, such as annual and perennials, vines, subshrubs, shrubs. Except for older stems, the entire plant is covered with soft, white hairs. Common names include woolly nightshade, earleaf nightshade, flannel weed, bugweed, tobacco weed, and kerosene plant. This information is provided by the university of adelaide library. Top of page the name solanum mauritianum scopoli is universally accepted for this weed which, despite its species name, is not native to mauritius but to northeastern argentina, southern brazil, uruguay and paraguay. Drug info solanum mauritianumwoolly nightshade and. It can form dense stands, crowding out and suppressing all other plants. Click on a scientific name below to expand it in the plants classification report. Top of page the genus solanum contains several hundred branched prickly shrubs, many of which have become weeds in various tropical and subtropical countries. Solanum mauritianum wikipedia, a enciclopedia livre. Antiproliferative effect of solanum nigrum on human. Solanum laciniatum or kangaroo apple, a common name shared with the closely related s.
These two species can be distinguished by the following differences. Solanum mauritianum morella delle isole mauritius flora. All parts of the plant are toxic to humans, especially the green berries. According to wikipedia, all parts of the solanum mauritianum plant are poisonous to humans, especially the berries. Woolly nightshade identification solanum mauritianum. Another possibility is that the root was solare, meaning to soothe, or solamen, meaning a comfort, which would refer to the soothing effects of the plant upon ingestion. Woolly nightshade solanum mauritianum introduction woolly nightshade, also known as tobacco weed. Description wild tobacco is a shrub that grows up to 4 m. Weekly transcripts will be posted every 7 days taken from ludwig leichhardts published journal named journal of an overland expedition in australia, from moreton bay to port essington, a distance of upwards of 3000 miles, during the years 18441845. The record derives from tropicos data supplied on 20120418 which reports it as an accepted name record 29600120 with original publication details. Hairs are starshaped with radiating branches to densely interwined hairs.